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shameless pleading

 

 

 

 

Swamp Yankee

Um, OK, I’ll take “frantic and shallow.”

Dear Word Detective: Can you tell me the origin and meaning of “swamp Yankee”? I have heard a few versions; the meaning is sometimes nice, sometimes not so nice. — Evelyn.

Every so often I wonder what Marcel Proust would have come up with had he been exposed to American popular culture. I suspect he would have read your question, dipped his Twinkie in his Yoo-Hoo, and been instantly reminded of the ditty that goes, “Oh be kind to your web-footed friends, for a duck may be somebody’s brother; be kind to the birds of the swamp, where the weather is cold and damp” (pronounced “dahmp,” of course). Or maybe that’s just me.

swampyank

Not our sort, dear.

Onward. I vaguely recall encountering “swamp Yankee” prior to receiving your question, but I can’t claim to have given the phrase much thought. That’s a bit odd, since “swamp Yankee” is usually used to mean a resident of Southeastern New England, particularly Rhode Island and Connecticut, and I grew up in Connecticut. I did know I was a Yankee, of course, and assumed I fell in the middle of the spectrum delineated by an aphorism usually attributed to E.B. White: “To foreigners, a Yankee is an American; To Americans, a Yankee is a Northerner; To Northerners, a Yankee is an Easterner; To Easterners, a Yankee is a New Englander; To New Englanders, a Yankee is a Vermonter, and in Vermont, a Yankee is somebody who eats pie for breakfast.” But nobody mentioned swamps.

Then again, growing up in the suburbs, I apparently didn’t fall into the demographic group usually considered “swamp Yankee.” The term seems to have first appeared in print in the 1930s, but is no doubt much older. A scholarly article on “swamp Yankee” by Ruth Schell published in American Speech (the journal of the American Dialect Society) in 1963 defines the term as meaning “a rural New England dweller who abides today as a steadfast rustic and who is of Yankee stock that has endured in the New England area since the colonial days.”

The significance of “swamp” in the phrase is a matter of dispute. Some say the first swamp Yankees were the less desirable immigrants from England in colonial days, relegated to the outskirts of civilization (“the swamps”) by the Puritans. Others interpret the “swamp” as simply referring to the rural, old fashioned way of life preferred by swamp Yankees, in contrast to the frantic and shallow life of the city-dweller.

Whether being a “swamp Yankee” is a good or bad thing depends, as usual, on where one stands. In her article Schell noted that people who might be considered “swamp Yankees” resented the term when applied to them by outsiders, but often used it among themselves. From the “swamp Yankee” point of view, they are preserving the true independent, self-sufficient spirit of New England. Today, to the extent that the term is still used, it seems to have become the New England equivalent of “redneck,” connoting rural living and a lack of sophistication to the broader society, but embraced as a badge of pride by those so labeled.

18 comments to Swamp Yankee

  • I grew up with my grandfather saying we were swamp yankees. I always thought it meant poor farmers. Or dirt farmers was another name.

  • Bill Adams

    I am the Swamp Yankee. I live on Cape Cod in the town of Barnstable in the village of West Barnstable,Ma.
    AKA swampmapleyankee. I can be reached at swampmapleyankee@yahoo.com
    Cheers

  • James

    The term Swamp Yankee dates to King Phillips War. During the war, there was a battle in the Great Swamp near South Kingtson 1675. The Narraganett Indians eventually were routed, killed and exiled. True Swamp Yankees are those whose ancestor fought in that battle.

  • Maggie

    Myself, and my family, are natives of western Massachusetts. I grew up hearing my mother use the term “swamp yankee,” usually in a slightly derogatory way. It was a term akin to “white trash,” but not as harsh– essentially it describes the rural, under-educated poor (which, at least in this part of the state, generally means poor whites). For example, we got a new washing machine, and the old one sat out in our driveway for a few days, waiting to be picked up by the people who were getting rid of it for us. My mother was quite distressed to have this in the yard, frequently remarking “We look like a bunch of swamp yankees, with that thing sitting out there!,” during that time. I don’t know where Ms. Schell got the idea it was limited to RI, CT, and southeastern MA. Although, I will admit that it was a term probably passed down to my mother from my grandmother (born in 1916), and our family in particular seems to use more old fashion expressions that most (something I found out in high school when I would use a familiar saying and find that no one else had ever heard it before…).

  • I am here to tell ya that I am a Swamp Yankee and dam proud of it. My gradfather was interviewed for both Yankee Magazine and the Providence Journal (RI) as to what a Swamp Yankee was since he was one. We hail from Foster, RI, a very rural area of NW RI and go back 8 generations. The definition of Swamp Yankee is a person dating backing many generations in the same area having much common sense with out formal education. I am so proud of my heritage I own a buisness called Swamp Yankee BBQ

  • Having lived until 12 in a town on Cape Cod with less than 1000 in 500 sq mi and with numerous DAR sorts I nevertheless never heard the term until many years later by folks with educational pretensions in Falmouth on Cape Cod.
    More importantly I have heard the term used for ostensible southerners who were considered counterfeit, but never understood if they were carpetbaggers or migrants before the civil war.

  • I grew up in southeastern Ct. and I remember my grand Mother Saying we were swamp Yankees. And since you don’t or didn’t know her, she was one not to be argued with

  • Rich

    Very educational. Until reading these comments I had no idea RI was actually big enough to have both urban and rural areas. ;)

  • Cate

    I grew up in Southeastern Connecticut and my father always identified as a swamp yankee and it was never a derogatory term nor did he or our family see it that way. Yankees are hearty stock, frugal and hard working, but never white trash or redneck as mentioned in previous posts. (he was a Professor) Most settlers and American Indians often started settlements near rivers which were abundant with fish, shellfish and rich, farming soil. Not to mention the draw of deer to the water which provided meat. This also plays into the “swamp” factor of the title.

  • Living in southeastern Mass., swamp Yankee was always used to describe a very frugal English decent person. Frugal to the point of being anal about it.

  • William T. Pittsley

    My name is W. Pittsley, and I was born into one of Southeastern, Massachusetts oldest Swamp Yankee families.I was brought up in the back woods of Rochester and Freetown when there was still back woods in Massachusetts. My ancestors and cousins carry the surnames of Braley, Reynolds,Clark, Pierce, Pitts, Piggsley’s, Hoggsley’s
    Haskell, Jaquet, DeMoranville, Adams, Westgate, White, Brownell, Cornell, Wilson, Davis, Russell, and Hathaway. These Swamp Yankee families and mine have fought in every conflict this nation has ever known. From the first Indian War in the Connecticut Valley to the present wars of today. My family the Pittsley’s have been called everything from Swamp Yankee to Jucket, pink eyed Pittsley to Cape Cod Albino;which is a myth that was started in the 1870’s by a
    Brockton news paper reporter looking for a story to tell. He claimed that in Southeastern, Massachusetts there was a peculiar race of native white men who never leave their back woods camps and possess pink eyes; white hair, and a savage
    demeanor. The article claimed that these people had their own colony and spread over Bristol and Plymouth counties.

  • William T. Pittsley

    Americans must be made aware that before the Pilgrims settled Plymouth,(according to my Grandfather, Horace Lewis Pittsley’s elementary school teacher), French and English Neutralists from Arcadia and Quebec were and had been for decades before exploring and traded with the Native American Indians of New England. It is believed that the Pittsley’s, Jaquet’s (Juckets), Reynolds and Clarks were some of these neutralists and that they had winter settlements along the Acushnet and Dighton Rivers. Evidence of this is every where. For example; Dighton Rock. They claim that the mysterious symbols inscribed upon The Dighton Rock were put there by Vikings.Why would Vikings use x’s and scibles when they at the time and before that time used a viking alphabet to write the Viking Saga’s. Who ever put there brands upon the Dighton Rock were clearly staking their claims to that part of the river or to let others know that they went and were further up that river. A skilled stone mason can chisel his name in sand stone in less than a half hour. Those markings are the markings of individuals who were trying to keep their identity a secret from the English Government while they were trapping furs and taking on riches from the New World, which at the time England considered it’s own. Another example of the Pittsley’s and other neutralist’s exploring and capitalizing upon the wealth of Southeastern Massachusetts is the Pittsley, Reynolds Cementary on Quanopoag Road in Freetown MA.. The back part of that cementary hides over one hundred stones that are still standing but weather worn to half their size.When I was a child my uncle Warren Pittsley and my Granfather told me that when they were children over one hundred years ago they knew the dates upon some of the stones there to be as early 1600’s and to carry the surnames Pittsley, Reynolds and Jaquet.How can there be that many people buried there at that early, early time? And at the same time cementaries in Dighton, Taunton, Middlborough, Rochester, Marion, Lakeville, and all along the Dighton River right into Southearn Rhode Island you can find the surname Pittsley and Reynolds at that early time. I have A theory. When the news was out that the English had successfully Colonized Plymouth the Pittsley who were probably originally french gathered up their families in Arcadia, Quebec, and France and immediately relocated them to Southeastern MA., a region were they for decades before had profited from and were familiar with. To fit in with the English and to avoid conflict with the English due to nationality, upon arrival most of them adopted the surename Pittsley, just like a lot of immigrants do today to avoid persecution due to their religion or race. There is so much more evidence that the Pittsley’s and Reynolds and other Freetown Families were French Neutralist who possibly winter havened and explored Southeastern MA long before the Pilgrims settled New England. In the 1880’s the reporter who wrote of the Pink Eyed Pittsley’s even claimed that the Pittsley’s and The Sweet and Pious Evangeline were some how related. So, If you are a Pink Eyed Pittsley or a Reynolds; or a Jucket be proud of who you are. Oh, one more thing; the defensive tower in Rhode Island was not built by Vikings. In my opinion it was built by Capitalists of that day and age that it was built to protect themselves from the Wompanoags.

  • Aaron

    Hi W. Pittsley,

    Thank you for the history lesson. My Grandmother was Priscila Pittsley (maiden name), from E. Freetown. She married my Grandfather, Harold Cunningham, and had 4 boys whom were all raised in E. Freetown. We all grew up with Pittsleys, Cornells, Westgates etc. . We all picked on the Lucas’s, and were told they were the Albino family in town,(by other children, not our parents!) I guess we all need someone to pick on !

    • Anonymous

      Rather than French neutralists, it is more likely they were French Huguenot. French neutralists we’re deported from Acadia in 1750s. If there are gravestones with those names dated 1600s, then they could not be French neutralists. Huguenots came from France and sometimes France via England. Acadians did not travel to settle in Massachusetts prior to the deportation.

  • Raymond L Reynolds

    The oldest Pittsley I can find in my family tree is John Pixley (one of several spelling variations) born in 1593 – location unknown. The oldest Reynolds I can find is Electious Reynolds, Sr. born in 1653. Also location unknown. The Pittsley Reynolds cemetery in East Freetown is an old family cemetery still owned by the Reynolds, Pittsley, DeMoranville families. Been there – seen it.

  • Charles Russell

    My father was born and grew up in West Townsend, Mass. – when someone would comment to him that he must be a Yankee he would say – “I’m not just a common Yankee I am a Swamp Yankee”.
    I always understood that he meant that his New England heritage was strong and deep and that his personal roots were rural.

  • Donald Torrey

    Well i was told a somewhat different story by my great uncle. That was that our ancestors came as indentured slaves and when our time was up we were to receive land as payment. This more often was swamp land. My relatives were tight with a dollar and were extremely clever when it came to machinery and were known for their common sense.

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